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	<title>涅磐-wordpress技巧,linux vps技巧,分享电影音乐,摄影爱好者,微博控 &#187; linux</title>
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	<description>wordpress技巧,linux vps技巧,分享电影音乐,摄影爱好者,微博控</description>
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		<title>编译安装pidgin以及一些错误解决</title>
		<link>http://www.openboy.net/configure-make-install-pidgin.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.openboy.net/configure-make-install-pidgin.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 14 Apr 2010 14:41:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>@openboy</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pidgin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ubuntu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[编译安装]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[软件]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.openboy.net/?p=501</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[说起Pidgin以前在用windows时就用过，并且拿它和digsby做过对比.现在用回了ubuntu,可惜现在ubuntu9.10自带的empathy实在不怎么样，所以萌生了编译pidgin的想法.至于deb安装谁都会,编译安装的好处我也写不出来，无非感觉应该是更适合自己的机器,更好控制吧,版本更新一点~ 编译安装pidgin中会遇到很多问题，因为pidgin的依赖非常非常的多，而且有的依赖还是ubuntu源里没有的,基本上我编译安装成功,只是要禁用它的vv功能,好像是视频和音频吧.如果你非想完美的安装好每个功能，可以参考一下这个 via ubuntuclub 一切顺利的步骤. ./configure make sudo make install 但是./configure一定会出现很多问题，note一下. 1.checking for GLIB&#8230; no no configure: error: You must have GLib 2.4.0 or newer development headers installed to build. aptitude search glib p libglib2.0-dev &#8211; Development files for the GLib library 这个就是对应的包： sudo apt-get install libglib2.0-dev 2.checking for X&#8230; no checking for GTK&#8230; no [...]<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>说起Pidgin以前在用windows时就用过，并且拿<a href="http://www.openboy.net/im-pk-digsby-vs-pidgin.html" title="聊天软件大比拼:Digsby和Pidgin">它和digsby做过对比</a>.现在用回了ubuntu,可惜现在ubuntu9.10自带的empathy实在不怎么样，所以萌生了编译pidgin的想法.至于deb安装谁都会,编译安装的好处我也写不出来，无非感觉应该是更适合自己的机器,更好控制吧,版本更新一点~</p>
<p>编译安装pidgin中会遇到很多问题，因为pidgin的依赖非常非常的多，而且有的依赖还是ubuntu源里没有的,基本上我编译安装成功,只是要禁用它的vv功能,好像是视<span id="more-501"></span>频和音频吧.如果你非想完美的安装好每个功能，可以参考一下这个 via <a href="http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?f=73&#038;t=221803&#038;view=next"  rel="external nofollow">ubuntuclub</a></p>
<p>一切顺利的步骤.</p>
<pre>./configure</pre>
<pre>make</pre>
<pre>sudo make install</pre>
<p>但是./configure一定会出现很多问题，note一下.</p>
<p>1.checking for GLIB&#8230; no<br />
no<br />
configure: error:<br />
You must have GLib 2.4.0 or newer development headers installed to build.</p>
<pre>aptitude search glib</pre>
<p>p libglib2.0-dev &#8211; Development files for the GLib library 这个就是对应的包：</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install libglib2.0-dev</pre>
<p>2.checking for X&#8230; no<br />
checking for GTK&#8230; no<br />
no<br />
configure: error:<br />
You must have GTK+ 2.4.0 or newer development headers installed to compile<br />
Pidgin.  If you want to build only Finch then specify &#8211;disable-gtkui when<br />
running configure.</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install libgtkmm-2.4-dev</pre>
<p>3.checking for XScreenSaverRegister in -lXext&#8230; no<br />
checking for XScreenSaverRegister in -lXss&#8230; no<br />
configure: error:<br />
XScreenSaver extension development headers not found.<br />
Use &#8211;disable-screensaver if you do not need XScreenSaver extension support,<br />
this is required for detecting idle time by mouse and keyboard usage.</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install libxss-dev</pre>
<p>4checking for STARTUP_NOTIFICATION&#8230; no<br />
no<br />
configure: error:<br />
Startup notification development headers not found.<br />
Use &#8211;disable-startup-notification if you do not need it.</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install libstartup-notification0 libstartup-notification0-dev</pre>
<p>5.checking for GTKSPELL&#8230; no<br />
no<br />
configure: error:<br />
GtkSpell development headers not found.<br />
Use &#8211;disable-gtkspell if you do not need it.</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install libgtkspell-dev</pre>
<p>6.checking for LIBXML&#8230; no<br />
no<br />
configure: error:<br />
You must have libxml2 >= 2.6.0 development headers installed to build.</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install libxml++2.6-dev</pre>
<p>7.checking for GSTREAMER&#8230; no<br />
no<br />
configure: error:<br />
GStreamer development headers not found.<br />
Use &#8211;disable-gstreamer if you do not need GStreamer (sound) support.</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install libgstreamer0.10-dev</pre>
<p>8.checking for GSTINTERFACES&#8230; no<br />
checking for FARSIGHT&#8230; no<br />
checking for IDN&#8230; no<br />
no<br />
configure: error:<br />
GNU Libidn development headers not found.<br />
Use &#8211;disable-idn if you do not need it.</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install libidn11-dev</pre>
<p>9.checking for MEANWHILE&#8230; no<br />
configure: error:<br />
Meanwhile development headers not found.<br />
Use &#8211;disable-meanwhile if you do not need meanwhile (Sametime) support.</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install libmeanwhile-dev</pre>
<p>10.checking for AVAHI&#8230; no<br />
checking avahi-client/client.h usability&#8230; no<br />
checking avahi-client/client.h presence&#8230; no<br />
checking for avahi-client/client.h&#8230; no<br />
checking avahi-glib/glib-malloc.h usability&#8230; no<br />
checking avahi-glib/glib-malloc.h presence&#8230; no<br />
checking for avahi-glib/glib-malloc.h&#8230; no<br />
checking for avahi_client_new in -lavahi-client&#8230; no<br />
configure: error:<br />
avahi development headers not found.<br />
Use &#8211;disable-avahi if you do not need avahi (Bonjour) support.</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install libavahi-client-dev libavahi-glib-dev</pre>
<p>11.checking for DBUS&#8230; no<br />
configure: error:<br />
D-Bus development headers not found.<br />
Use &#8211;disable-dbus if you do not need D-Bus support.</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install libdbus-1-dev libdbus-glib-1-dev</pre>
<p>12.checking for NETWORKMANAGER&#8230; no<br />
configure: error:<br />
NetworkManager development headers not found.<br />
Use &#8211;disable-nm if you do not need NetworkManager support.</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install network-manager-dev</pre>
<p>13.configure: error:<br />
Perl development headers not found.<br />
Use &#8211;disable-perl if you do not need Perl scripting support.</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install libperl-dev</pre>
<p>14.checking for Perl_eval_pv&#8230; no<br />
checking for old perl&#8230; no<br />
checking for DynaLoader.a&#8230; no<br />
checking for GnuTLS includes&#8230; “”<br />
checking gnutls/gnutls.h usability&#8230; no<br />
checking gnutls/gnutls.h presence&#8230; no<br />
checking for gnutls/gnutls.h&#8230; no<br />
checking for GnuTLS libraries&#8230; no<br />
checking for Mozilla nspr4 includes in &#8230; “”<br />
checking nspr.h usability&#8230; no<br />
checking nspr.h presence&#8230; no<br />
checking for nspr.h&#8230; no<br />
checking prio.h usability&#8230; no<br />
checking prio.h presence&#8230; no<br />
checking for prio.h&#8230; no<br />
checking for Mozilla nspr4 libraries&#8230; no<br />
checking for Mozilla nss3 includes&#8230; no<br />
checking for Mozilla nss libraries&#8230; no<br />
configure: error:<br />
Neither GnuTLS or NSS SSL development headers found.<br />
Use &#8211;disable-nss &#8211;disable-gnutls if you do not need SSL support.<br />
MSN, Yahoo!, Novell Groupwise and Google Talk will not work without GnuTLS or NSS. OpenSSL is NOT u</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install libgnutls-dev</pre>
<p>15.checking for Perl_eval_pv&#8230; no<br />
checking for old perl&#8230; no<br />
checking for DynaLoader.a&#8230; no<br />
checking for GnuTLS includes&#8230; “”<br />
checking gnutls/gnutls.h usability&#8230; yes<br />
checking gnutls/gnutls.h presence&#8230; yes<br />
checking for gnutls/gnutls.h&#8230; yes<br />
checking for GnuTLS libraries&#8230; yes<br />
checking for gnutls_priority_set_direct&#8230; yes<br />
checking for Mozilla nspr4 includes in &#8230; “”<br />
checking nspr.h usability&#8230; no<br />
checking nspr.h presence&#8230; no<br />
checking for nspr.h&#8230; no<br />
checking prio.h usability&#8230; no<br />
checking prio.h presence&#8230; no<br />
checking for prio.h&#8230; no<br />
checking for Mozilla nspr4 libraries&#8230; no<br />
checking for Mozilla nss3 includes&#8230; no<br />
checking for Mozilla nss libraries&#8230; no<br />
checking for tclConfig.sh&#8230; no<br />
configure: error:<br />
Tcl development headers not found.<br />
Use &#8211;disable-tcl if you do not need Tcl scripting support.</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install tcl8.5-dev</pre>
<p>16.checking for tkConfig.sh&#8230; no<br />
configure: error:<br />
Tk development headers not found.<br />
Use &#8211;disable-tk if you do not need Tk scripting support.</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install tk-dev</pre>
<p>ps..最近弄了个wiki,感觉还不如blog好用阿。。。。</p>
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		<item>
		<title>linux/ubuntu下安装MPlayer播放高清电影</title>
		<link>http://www.openboy.net/ubuntu-install-mplayer.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.openboy.net/ubuntu-install-mplayer.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 01 Apr 2010 16:04:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>@openboy</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mplayer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ubuntu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[播放器]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.openboy.net/?p=498</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[我现在用的是ubuntu9.10.系统原配的电影播放软件是GStreamer电影播放机.用GStreamer电影播放机看电影有两个缺点. 1.GStreamer电影播放机看电影时经常自己关闭. 2.播放高请电影会卡. GStreamer电影播放机其是也有优点，无论播放小格式还是大格式,cpu占用都非常低. 下面我介绍的是在ubuntu下安装MPlayer来看电影，MPlayer不会自己关闭，看高清的，哪怕是1080P的也不会卡。但是，就算看一下avi的小演唱会cpu也会占用很高. ubuntu下MPlayer的安装和配置 1. sudo apt-get install mplayer mplayer-fonts sudo cp /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf_backup sudo gedit /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf 2.MPlayer有声音无图像. 把 ... # Specify default video driver (see -vo help for a list). vo=x11 ... 里面的vo=xll换成vo=xv 如果出现Error opening/initializing the selected video_out (-vo) 打开MPLAYER。 右击选择“preferences”-&#62;”Video”选项卡-&#62;在”Availabe Drivers”中选择“X11“。 重启Mplayer。 在下载一个deb包.Via 32位deb or amd 64bit 3.无法全屏 查找#zoom=yes,然后去掉#即可 4.MPlayer安装解码器 32bit: [...]<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>我现在用的是ubuntu9.10.系统原配的电影播放软件是GStreamer电影播放机.用GStreamer电影播放机<a title="我喜欢的一些音乐和电影" href="http://www.openboy.net/category/music-and-movies" target="_blank">看电影</a>有两个缺点.</p>
<p>1.GStreamer电影播放机看电影时经常自己关闭.</p>
<p>2.播放高请电影会卡.</p>
<p>GStreamer电影播放机其是也有优点，无论播放小格式还是大格式,cpu占用都非常低.</p>
<p>下面我介绍的是在ubuntu下安装MPlayer来看电影，MPlayer不会自己关闭，看高清的，哪怕是1080P的也不会卡。但是，就算看一下avi的小演唱会<a title="一款检测cpu的好工具" href="http://www.openboy.net/cpu-z-computer-hardware-tool.html" target="_blank">cpu</a>也会占用<span id="more-498"></span>很高.</p>
<h3>ubuntu下MPlayer的安装和配置</h3>
<p>1.</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install mplayer mplayer-fonts</pre>
<pre>sudo cp /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf_backup</pre>
<pre>sudo gedit /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf</pre>
<p>2.MPlayer有声音无图像.<br />
把</p>
<pre>...
# Specify default video driver (see -vo help for a list).
vo=x11
...</pre>
<p>里面的vo=xll换成vo=xv<br />
如果出现<strong>Error opening/initializing the selected video_out (-vo)</strong></p>
<p>打开MPLAYER。</p>
<p>右击选择“preferences”-&gt;”Video”选项卡-&gt;在”Availabe Drivers”中选择“X11“。<br />
重启Mplayer。</p>
<p>在下载一个deb包.Via <a rel="external nofollow" href="http://www.debian-multimedia.org/pool/main/w/w32codecs/">32位deb</a> or amd <a rel="external nofollow" href="http://www.debian-multimedia.org/pool/main/w/w64codecs/%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BDdeb%E5%8C%85">64bit</a></p>
<p>3.无法全屏</p>
<p>查找#zoom=yes,然后去掉#即可</p>
<p>4.MPlayer安装解码器</p>
<p>32bit:</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install w32codecs</pre>
<p>64bit:</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install w64codecs</pre>
<p>安装w32codecs时如果提示：依赖关系没有满足：libstdc++5 (&gt;= 1:3.3.4-1)</p>
<pre>vi /etc/apt/sources.list</pre>
<p>加入：</p>
<pre>deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian lenny main</pre>
<pre>sudo apt-get install libstdc++5</pre>
<p>或者直接去下载 via <a rel="external nofollow" href="http://packages.debian.org/lenny/i386/libstdc++5/download">debian</a></p>
<p>更多配置请via <a rel="external nofollow" href="http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85MPlayer">ubuntu wiki</a></p>
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		<title>Windows Xp安装ipv6 + Ubuntu/linux安装ipv6</title>
		<link>http://www.openboy.net/windows-xp-install-ipv6.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.openboy.net/windows-xp-install-ipv6.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 23 Mar 2010 12:41:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>@openboy</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[网络小技巧]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Google]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ipv6]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[ubuntu]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[和谐]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.openboy.net/?p=494</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[最近大家都知道，炒的沸沸扬扬的就是Google关闭了g.cn.记得，在之前就写过关于Google要离开中国的消息，现在，也算是尘埃落定了.. 最近比较多的是用Ubuntu.今天上windows xp,想了想,windows xp如何安装配置ipv6?觉得务必得配置一下ipv6了.因为现在ipv6还不普及，教育网的人用的比较多，所以大部分群众还是没有用过的，所以，刨除自由的缘故，就当是当一把非主流吧。 如果你不知道什么是ipv6协议，请移步 Via Ipv6协议 . 过多的不讲了. 1.打开开始菜单-运行-cmd-确定 2.输入 cd c:\ ipv6 install 如果提示：succeeded.那就是表示你安装成功了.还可以输入 ipv6 if 指令查看各接口状态 . 现在，你可以打开你的浏览器。 猛击Google Search的Ipv6地址：http://ipv6.google.com/ 当然,ipv6还有很多用处。。既然用这个暂时可以无障碍访问google了，那么你可以自行搜索了。在我看来.hk的，坚持不了几天。 ps:补充下，貌似有这么一个服务，可以自动选择ipv6.比如你想访问维基百科：http://zh.wikipedia.org.sixxs.org/就利用http://(URL).sixxs.org 这个就可以了，当然没有ipv6的网站就无法访问了。 最后，截图留念下Google. 好多人在ubuntu下无法访问ipv6网站，其实ubuntu下更简单。 ubuntu如何访问ipv6? sudo apt-get install miredo /sbin/ifconfig 这样就可以了。 windows xp/windows vista/windows7安装ipv6Ubuntu和windows的时间日期不对的解决方法杯具了,但是我很淡定编译安装pidgin以及一些错误解决ubuntu下安装google earth以及解决中文乱码linux/ubuntu下安装MPlayer播放高清电影ubuntu/linux安装wine ie4linux<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>最近大家都知道，炒的沸沸扬扬的就是Google关闭了g.cn.记得，在之前就写过<a title="Google也要谢幕了么？" href="http://www.openboy.net/google-leave-me-alone.html" target="_blank">关于Google要离开中国的消息</a>，现在，也算是尘埃落定了..</p>
<p>最近比较多的是用<a title="linux操作系统" href="http://www.openboy.net/category/linux">Ubuntu</a>.今天上windows xp,想了想,<strong>windows xp如何安装配置ipv6</strong>?觉得务必得配置一下ipv6了.因为<strong>现在ipv6还不普及</strong>，教育网的人用的比较多，所以大部分群众还是没有用过的，所以，刨除自由的缘故，就当是当一把<a title="哈,非主流。。" href="http://www.openboy.net/niuqu-feizhuliu.html">非主流</a>吧。</p>
<p>如果你不知道什么是ipv6协议，请移<span id="more-494"></span>步 Via<a title="关于ipv6协议的介绍" rel="external" href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/Ipv6"> Ipv6协议</a> .</p>
<p>过多的不讲了.</p>
<p>1.打开开始菜单-运行-cmd-确定</p>
<p>2.输入</p>
<pre>cd c:\</pre>
<pre>ipv6 install</pre>
<p>如果提示：succeeded.那就是表示你安装成功了.还可以输入</p>
<pre>ipv6 if</pre>
<p>指令查看各接口状态 .<br />
现在，你可以打开你的浏览器。<br />
猛击Google Search的Ipv6地址：<a title="Google的ipv6协议地址" rel="external" href="http://ipv6.google.com/">http://ipv6.google.com/</a><br />
当然,ipv6还有很多用处。。既然用这个暂时可以无障碍访问google了，那么你可以自行搜索了。<a title="google in hk" rel="external" href="http://www.google.com.hk/">在我看来.hk的</a>，坚持不了几天。</p>
<p>ps:补充下，貌似有这么一个服务，可以自动选择ipv6.比如你想访问维基百科：<a rel="external nofollow" href="http://zh.wikipedia.org.sixxs.org/">http://zh.wikipedia.org.sixxs.org/</a>就利用http://(URL).sixxs.org 这个就可以了，当然没有ipv6的网站就无法访问了。<br />
最后，截图留念下Google.</p>
<div class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 725px"><a href="http://www.openboy.net/tag/google"><img class="  " title="2010.3.23google中国停止运营转向google.hk" src="http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4020/4457621706_abb6fd1ae0_o.jpg" alt="2010.3.23google中国停止运营转向google.hk" width="715" height="368" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">2010.3.23google中国停止运营转向google.hk</p></div>
<p>好多人在ubuntu下无法访问ipv6网站，其实ubuntu下更简单。</p>
<h3>ubuntu如何访问ipv6?</h3>
<pre>sudo apt-get install miredo</pre>
<pre>/sbin/ifconfig</pre>
<p>这样就可以了。</p>
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		<title>ubuntu/linux安装wine ie4linux</title>
		<link>http://www.openboy.net/ubuntu-install-wine-ie4linux.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.openboy.net/ubuntu-install-wine-ie4linux.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Mar 2010 14:54:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>@openboy</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ie4linux]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[最近一直在ubuntu上. 昨天趁着有时间赶紧把vps配置好了lnmp. 因为经常帮朋友在淘宝上买东西，每次从起进windows下支付宝付款很麻烦.所以就想以后在ubuntu下付款.现在总算安装配置好了，但是非常的后悔.ie4linux真的叫我卡的不行了. 记录一下安装配置过程，用不了，大家自己看吧.还有，谁告诉我怎么彻底的清楚这些东西，例如wine,ie4linux.彻底的彻底的清除. 1.安装wine 虽然很多人不推荐这么安装，但是我还是图简单了。 sudo apt-get install wine 2.配置 winecfg 1、运行 wine 配置程序 ，不要用 sudo 或者 root 权限 winecfg 这样会建立 wine 的运行文件夹 /home/user/.wine .里面有wine的注册表文件和虚拟的C盘； 稍等片刻，就会出现一个面板，这就是 wine 的一些基本的配置。 2、 Drives 标签，配置硬盘和光驱 Autodect 按钮可以自动检测，也打开 Show Advanced 手动配置， C: /home/用户名/.wine/drive_c Local hard disk D: /home/用户名 Local hard disk E: /media/cdrom0 CDROM 其他分区根据需要配置 3、Audio 标签，配置声卡 这个面板会失去反映一段时间，之后出现一个声音驱动程序的选择框，一般情况下选择OSS。如果你是独立的声卡，选择ALSA更好。如果只有 OSS，就选择 [...]<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>最近一直在ubuntu上.<br />
昨天趁着有时间赶紧<a title="centos配置lnmp外加sendmail" href="http://www.openboy.net/centos4-install-lnmp-and-sendmail.html" target="_blank">把vps配置好了lnmp</a>.<br />
因为经常帮朋友在淘宝上买东西，每次从起进windows下<a title="用ubuntu上支付宝最简单的方法" href="http://www.openboy.net/ubuntu-go-alipay-no-wine.html" target="_blank"><strong>支付宝付款</strong></a>很麻烦.所以就想以后在ubuntu下付款.现在总算安装配置好了，但是非常的后悔.ie4linux真的叫我卡的不行了.<br />
记录一下安装配置过程，用不了，大家自己看吧.还有，谁告诉我怎么彻底的清楚这些东西，例如wine,ie4linux.彻底的彻底的清除.</p>
<h3>1.安装wine</h3>
<p>虽然很多人不推荐这么安装，但是我还是图简单了。<span id="more-493"></span></p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install wine</pre>
<h3>2.配置 winecfg</h3>
<p>1、运行 wine 配置程序 ，不要用 sudo 或者 root 权限</p>
<p>winecfg</p>
<p>这样会建立 wine 的运行文件夹 /home/user/.wine .里面有wine的注册表文件和虚拟的C盘；<br />
稍等片刻，就会出现一个面板，这就是 wine 的一些基本的配置。</p>
<p>2、 Drives 标签，配置硬盘和光驱</p>
<p>Autodect 按钮可以自动检测，也打开 Show Advanced 手动配置，<br />
C: /home/用户名/.wine/drive_c Local hard disk<br />
D: /home/用户名 Local hard disk<br />
E: /media/cdrom0 CDROM<br />
其他分区根据需要配置</p>
<p>3、Audio 标签，配置声卡</p>
<p>这个面板会失去反映一段时间，之后出现一个声音驱动程序的选择框，一般情况下选择OSS。如果你是独立的声卡，选择ALSA更好。如果只有 OSS，就选择 OSS。</p>
<p>4、 Application Settings 标签，配置 Windows 版本</p>
<p>下面的 windows 版本把默认的改成 Windows XP ,实际中可以变更 为 Windows 2000 或 其他版本以使用 wine 的效率更高。</p>
<p>5、部分 DLL 设置</p>
<p>在真实的 windows 系统中从 C:\WINDOWS\systenm32 里复制 mfc42.dll,msvcp60.dll, riched20.dll,riched32.dll 这几个文件到 /home/用户名/.wine/drive_c/windows/system32 文件里，需要覆盖时确定。其他dll文件不要随便覆盖，要做备份。</p>
<p>二、字体设置</p>
<p>1、从 Windows 目录下的 Fonts 里的 simsun.ttc 复制到 /home/user/.wine/drive_c/windows/fonts 里面。</p>
<p>把下面的代码保存为 zh.reg ，然后终端执行 regedit zh.reg 。<br />
代码:</p>
<pre>REGEDIT4

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontSubstitutes]
"Arial"="simsun"
"Arial CE,238"="simsun"
"Arial CYR,204"="simsun"
"Arial Greek,161"="simsun"
"Arial TUR,162"="simsun"
"Courier New"="simsun"
"Courier New CE,238"="simsun"
"Courier New CYR,204"="simsun"
"Courier New Greek,161"="simsun"
"Courier New TUR,162"="simsun"
"FixedSys"="simsun"
"Helv"="simsun"
"Helvetica"="simsun"
"MS Sans Serif"="simsun"
"MS Shell Dlg"="simsun"
"MS Shell Dlg 2"="simsun"
"System"="simsun"
"Tahoma"="simsun"
"Times"="simsun"
"Times New Roman CE,238"="simsun"
"Times New Roman CYR,204"="simsun"
"Times New Roman Greek,161"="simsun"
"Times New Roman TUR,162"="simsun"
"Tms Rmn"="simsun"</pre>
<p>原帖 Via<a rel="external nofollow" href="http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?t=107816"> ubuntu中文</a>不过最近老抽风,速度很慢或者错误。<br />
之后</p>
<h3>安装ie4linux</h3>
<pre>sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list</pre>
<p>加入源</p>
<pre>软件源－其他软件－加入下面这行
deb http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt edgy main</pre>
<pre> wget -q http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt/387EE263.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install wine cabextract</pre>
<p>2010.04.12更新</p>
<p>ie4linux加入了ie7beta,但是不如ie6好用，跑起来还是cpu超级高</p>
<p>下载安装ie4linux</p>
<pre>wget http://www.tatanka.com.br/ies4linux/downloads/ies4linux-latest.tar.gz
 tar zxvf ies4linux-latest.tar.gz
 cd ies4linux-*
 ./ies4linux</pre>
<p>或者加入参数编译安装</p>
<pre>./ies4linux --no-gui --beta-install-ie7 --locale CN --install-corefonts</pre>
<p>如果安装过程出现错误，就反复安装就好了。＝ ＝</p>
<p>上面cd的目录请自己根据版本替换.<br />
如果运行完 ./ies4linux过程中假死..那就请换成./ies4linux &#8211;no-gui .但是无法选择ie版本.</p>
<p>更多关于wine Via<a title="wine大全" rel="external nofollow" href="http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?t=98233"> ubuntu中文</a></p>
<p>话说，wine真的最好别用了，麻烦点，多从起吧.</p>
<p>补充，</p>
<h3>完全卸载wine</h3>
<pre>openboy@yylinux:~$ sudo apt-get remove wine</pre>
<pre>openboy@yylinux:~$ whereis win
wine: /usr/share/wine</pre>
<pre>openboy@yylinux:/usr/share$ sudo -i</pre>
<pre>root@yylinux:/# cd usr/share</pre>
<pre>root@yylinux:/usr/share# rm -rf wine</pre>
<p>这样应该是ok了。</p>
<h3>完全卸载ie4linux</h3>
<p>直接删除/home/你的用户名/.ies4linux文件夹，/home/你的用户名/bin文件夹里的可执行文件和桌面图标就行了；</p>
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			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.openboy.net/ubuntu-install-wine-ie4linux.html/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>linux输入法推荐：sunpinyin</title>
		<link>http://www.openboy.net/linux-ubuntu-input-sunpinyin.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.openboy.net/linux-ubuntu-input-sunpinyin.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 14 Mar 2010 05:01:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>@openboy</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sunpinyin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ubuntu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[输入法]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.openboy.net/?p=491</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[我现在就是在ubuntu下写这篇博客，最近买完500G硬盘又从新安装了ubuntu,大家切记不要在wubi下安装ubuntu了，很容易出现问题，升级一般都不成功－ －.从新安装完ubuntu，我在忍不了里面的输入法了，在准备放弃打中文时，找到了sunpinyin这个输入法，现在安装好，感觉很不错，不如google拼音只能但是也已经足够了. 在编译安装sunpin输入法中也出现过一些问题，记录一下. 下面都是以ubuntu下为例. 1.先下载sunpinyin输入法. wget http://sunpinyin.googlecode.com/files/ibus-sunpinyin-2.0_rc8.tar.gz 2.解压缩sunpin输入法 tar xvf ibus-sunpinyin-2.0_rc8.tar.gz 3.编译安装sunpinyin输入法 安装编译环境，防止出现下面的错误 sudo apt-get install make gcc-c++ ibus-devel python-devel sqlite-devel cd sunpinyin-2.0 ./configure --enable-ibus --disable-documents --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/lib/ibus-sunpinyin make &#38;&#38; su -c 'make install' 当然编译中会出现各种各样的错误.. checking for sqlite3&#8230; configure: error: Package requirements (sqlite3 &#62;= 3.0) were not 解决办法 sudo apt-get install libsqlite3-dev configure: error: Your [...]<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>我现在就是在ubuntu下写这篇博客，最近买完500G硬盘又从新安装了ubuntu,大家切记不要在wubi下安装ubuntu了，很容易出现问题，升级一般都不成功－ －.从新安装完ubuntu，我在忍不了里面的输入法了，在准备放弃打中文时，找到了<a title="linux下的输入法sunpinyin" rel="external nofollow" href="http://code.google.com/p/sunpinyin/">sunpinyin这个输入法</a>，现在安装好，感觉很不错，不如google拼音只能但是也已经足够了.</p>
<p>在编译安装sunpin输入法中也出现过一些问题，记录一下.</p>
<p>下面都是以ubuntu下为例.<span id="more-491"></span></p>
<p>1.先<a title="以ubuntu为例：wget xxx" rel="external nofollow" href="http://code.google.com/p/sunpinyin/downloads/list">下载sunpinyin输入法</a>.</p>
<pre>wget http://sunpinyin.googlecode.com/files/ibus-sunpinyin-2.0_rc8.tar.gz</pre>
<p>2.解压缩sunpin输入法</p>
<pre>tar xvf ibus-sunpinyin-2.0_rc8.tar.gz</pre>
<p>3.编译安装sunpinyin输入法<br />
安装编译环境，防止出现下面的错误</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install make gcc-c++ ibus-devel python-devel sqlite-devel</pre>
<pre>cd sunpinyin-2.0</pre>
<pre> ./configure --enable-ibus --disable-documents --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/lib/ibus-sunpinyin</pre>
<pre>make &amp;&amp; su -c 'make install'</pre>
<p>当然编译中会出现各种各样的错误..<br />
checking for sqlite3&#8230; configure: error: Package requirements (sqlite3 &gt;= 3.0) were not<br />
解决办法</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install libsqlite3-dev</pre>
<p>configure: error: Your intltool is too old.  You need intltool 0.35.0 or later<br />
解决办法</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install intltool</pre>
<p>No package &#8216;ibus-1.0&#8242; found<br />
解决办法</p>
<pre>sudo apt-get install libibus-dev</pre>
<p>这样基本上就成功了，如果出现sunpin su：认证失败<br />
你可以切换到root</p>
<pre>sudo -i</pre>
<p>在从新编译下，就ok了。</p>
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		<title>centos vps安装phpmyadmin</title>
		<link>http://www.openboy.net/centos-vps-install-phpmyadmin.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.openboy.net/centos-vps-install-phpmyadmin.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 02 Mar 2010 15:30:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>@openboy</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[centos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[phpmyadmin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[vps]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.openboy.net/?p=489</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[话说，我之前在vps下安装lnmp是成功了..但是..总是有那么一点的不美满，phpmyadmin却没有成功..在相应路径都找不到这个东西，没办法..自己在从新装吧. 首先声明，我一点linux基础都没有，这些全是根据网上资料自己安装的，或许漏洞百出，我自己都觉得不安全，现在只是暂时叫phpmyadmin跑起来..而我弄vps纯属为玩，也没任何网站。。 下面的所有安装，基于centos4 vps. 1.去phpmyadmin官网下载phpmyadmin.话说，这里有个插曲，我没法wget它，而且vps我懒的装ftp.我就下载phpmyadmin到自己电脑，在传到别的主机，在从别的主机wget..唉。麻烦.. 2.解压缩phpmyadmin: tar zxvf  phpMyAdmin-3.2.5-all-languages.tar.gz 3.mv  phpMyAdmin-3.2.5-all-languages/  home/www/phpMyAdmin   把解压缩的文件夹移动到www目录下从命名为phpmyadmin. 4.配置phpmyadmin 在 phpMyAdmin 的根文件夹下创建可以写入的 config 文件夹：mkdir config chmod o+rw config vi config.sample.inc.php   编辑phpmyadmin的配置文件. $cfg['blowfish_secret'] = &#8216;在此填入口令&#8217;; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = &#8216;config&#8217;; 　← 找到此行，将“config”的值变为“cookie” $cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = &#8216;cookie&#8217;; 　← 变为此状态，使认证方式为cookie方式 还有，为了安全，你最好修改一下phpmyadmin这个文件夹，修改成猫啊狗啊什么的名字。 这时你可以试着登录下.如果还不可以.. 点击进入你的.xxx.com/phpmyadmin/setup/index.php  这个地址，在看看一些配置文件或者手动新建一下服务器，要是出什么错误，上面会有提示的，而且有帮助文档，都告诉你怎么使用ssh命令..所以。。以上就可以叫phpmyadmin跑起来了，如果你有什么更好的建议或者安全设置。。麻烦告知。谢谢。 刚才突然看到了这个帮助文档，还是中文的，phpmyadmin官方中文文档 centos配置lnmp外加sendmailcentos vps深入探究初试VPS的一些感想以及安装LNMPvps备份网站mysql数据到邮箱/ftpnginx301重定向vps安装lnmp一些问题以及putty管理vpsvps上WordPress升级/安装插件时需要填写FTP信息的解决办法<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>话说，我<a title="centos4下安装lnmp成功" href="http://www.openboy.net/centos-vps-set.html">之前在vps下安装lnmp是成功了</a>..但是..总是有那么一点的不美满，phpmyadmin却没有成功..在相应路径都找不到这个东西，没办法..自己在从新装吧.</p>
<p>首先声明，我一点linux基础都没有，这些全是根据网上资料自己安装的，或许漏洞百出，我自己都觉得不安全，现在只是暂时叫phpmyadmin跑起来..而我弄vps纯属为玩，也没任何网站。。</p>
<p>下面的所有安装，基于centos4 vps.<span id="more-489"></span></p>
<p>1.去<a title="下载phpmyadmin" rel="external nofollow" href="http://www.phpmyadmin.net/home_page/downloads.php">phpmyadmin官网下载phpmyadmin</a>.话说，这里有个插曲，我没法wget它，而且vps我懒的装ftp.我就下载phpmyadmin到自己电脑，在传到别的主机，在从别的主机wget..唉。麻烦..</p>
<p>2.解压缩phpmyadmin: tar zxvf  phpMyAdmin-3.2.5-all-languages.tar.gz</p>
<p>3.mv  phpMyAdmin-3.2.5-all-languages/  home/www/phpMyAdmin   把解压缩的文件夹移动到www目录下从命名为phpmyadmin.</p>
<p>4.配置phpmyadmin<br />
在 phpMyAdmin 的根文件夹下创建可以写入的 config 文件夹：mkdir config<br />
chmod o+rw config</p>
<p>vi config.sample.inc.php   编辑phpmyadmin的配置文件.<br />
$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = &#8216;在此填入口令&#8217;;<br />
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = &#8216;config&#8217;; 　← 找到此行，将“config”的值变为“cookie”<br />
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = &#8216;cookie&#8217;; 　← 变为此状态，使认证方式为cookie方式</p>
<p>还有，为了安全，你最好修改一下phpmyadmin这个文件夹，修改成猫啊狗啊什么的名字。</p>
<p>这时你可以试着登录下.如果还不可以..</p>
<p>点击进入你的.xxx.com/phpmyadmin/setup/index.php  这个地址，在看看一些配置文件或者手动新建一下服务器，要是出什么错误，上面会有提示的，而且有帮助文档，都告诉你怎么使用<a title="linux下的常用ssh命令" href="http://www.openboy.net/linux-ssh-order.html" target="_blank">ssh命令</a>..所以。。以上就可以叫phpmyadmin跑起来了，如果你有什么更好的建议或者安全设置。。麻烦告知。谢谢。</p>
<p>刚才突然看到了这个帮助文档，还是中文的，<strong><a title="这是一份 phpMyAdmin 文档" rel="external nofollow" href="http://www.phpmyadmin.net/localized_docs/zh_CN/Documentation.html">phpmyadmin官方中文文档</a></strong></p>
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		<title>初试VPS的一些感想以及安装LNMP</title>
		<link>http://www.openboy.net/try-vps-and-install-linux-nginx-mysql-php.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.openboy.net/try-vps-and-install-linux-nginx-mysql-php.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 21 Feb 2010 08:23:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>@openboy</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lnmp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mysql]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nginx]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[php]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ssh]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[vps]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WebHosting]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.openboy.net/?p=485</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[其实,很早之前，就有心想尝试一下VPS主机，接触Linux并不长，先是从ubuntu开始，在自己的本机安装过几次，但是期间也遇到过一些问题，那就是linux可定制性很强，但是并不适用于电脑水平低或者比较懒人. 这次购买VPS是购买的ramhost.配置上，就是最低配置，因为只是用来学习，并不是要用这个主机搭建任何网站用. 80MB内存.128mb突发内存 2G硬盘. 50G流量 OpenVZ, running Linux Kernel 2.6.26 可以假设Openvpn. 基本就是这个情况. 但是真正使用中，才觉得，vps真的不好弄，除非你有很强的linux功底，不然我劝你还是不要尝试的好.我个人就是，无论要做什么，都要先google才可以.如果您没这个耐心，就不要往下看了. 1.拿到这个vps以后要做的第一件事就是得给她装操作系统啊.首先默认好像是ubuntu9.10吧，之前我挨个切换到centos、debian都试了试，感觉都还不错吧. 叫我惊讶的是，一个裸linux系统，无论是ubuntu还是centos还是debian才占3～5mb的内存..这..能和windows比么？ 2.安装完系统，那就是登录ssh了.我用的是putty这个软件登录ssh.ip地址你要写服务器的ip地址，而不是vps的ip.之后选择连接就可以了.奇怪的vps，连接完之后，你要用vz来登录，帐号密码全是vz.之后登录上去之后在设置root的帐号和密码.. 3.这就算登录上去ssh了，如果你使用debian或者ubuntu可以选择用以下命令更下一下系统. apt-get update apt-get dist-upgrade 4.还可以用adduser命令添加用户. 5.当然就是安装lnmp了，lnmp代表的是linux-nginx-mysql-php. 我想很多人都用vpser所做的这个LNMP一键安装包来安装，但是我无论用什么系统，安装都不成功，可能也跟我用vim不熟练有关系，也不知道改哪个. 后来在网上找到了猫言猫语 这个修改版的lnmp一键安装包，却安装的很顺利. 以下引子猫言猫语. 程序版本为: Nginx 0.7.60 PHP5.2.9 MySQL 5.1.35 1.首先登陆VPS,用SSH登陆. 2.安装LNMP,进入一个目录:cd /usr/local/src 然后就下载LNMP:wget http://imcat.in/LNMP.zip 解压缩 unzip LNMP.zip 有些VPS安装后没有unzip这个命令,那么运行 yum install unzip 进入该目录 cd LNMP 给脚本添加执行权限:chmod +x down.sh install.sh startup.sh 下载安装所需的源代码文件: ./down.sh [...]<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>其实,很早之前，就有心想尝试一下VPS主机，<a title="开始接触linux系统" href="http://www.openboy.net/category/linux" target="_blank">接触Linux</a>并不长，先是从ubuntu开始，在自己的本机安装过几次，但是期间也遇到过一些问题，那就是linux可定制性很强，但是并不适用于电脑水平低或者比较懒人.</p>
<p>这次购买VPS是购买的<a title="一个美国的vps主机商" href="http://www.ramhost.us/" rel="external nofollow">ramhost</a>.配置上，就是最低配置，因为只是用来学习，并不是要用这个主机搭建任何网站用.</p>
<p>80MB内存.128mb突发内存</p>
<p>2G硬盘.</p>
<p>50G流量<span id="more-485"></span></p>
<p>OpenVZ, running Linux Kernel 2.6.26</p>
<p>可以假设Openvpn.</p>
<p>基本就是这个情况.</p>
<p>但是真正使用中，才觉得，vps真的不好弄，除非你有很强的linux功底，不然我劝你还是不要尝试的好.我个人就是，无论要做什么，都要先google才可以.如果您没这个耐心，就不要往下看了.</p>
<p>1.拿到这个vps以后要做的第一件事就是得给她装操作系统啊.首先默认好像是ubuntu9.10吧，之前我挨个切换到centos、debian都试了试，感觉都还不错吧.</p>
<p>叫我惊讶的是，<strong>一个裸linux系统</strong>，无论是ubuntu还是centos还是debian<strong>才占3～5mb的内存</strong>..这..能和windows比么？</p>
<p>2.安装完系统，那就是登录ssh了.<a title="一个登录linux服务器的ssh软件" href="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/" rel="external nofollow">我用的是putty这个软件登录ssh</a>.<strong>ip地址你要写服务器的ip地址，而不是vps的ip</strong>.之后选择连接就可以了.奇怪的vps，连接完之后，你要用vz来登录，帐号密码全是vz.之后登录上去之后在设置root的帐号和密码..</p>
<p>3.这就算登录上去ssh了，如果你使用debian或者ubuntu可以选择用以下命令更下一下系统.</p>
<p>apt-get update</p>
<p>apt-get dist-upgrade</p>
<p>4.还可以用adduser命令添加用户.</p>
<p>5.当然就是安装lnmp了，lnmp代表的是linux-nginx-mysql-php.</p>
<p>我想很多人都用<a title="Linux下Nginx+MySQL+PHP+phpMyAdmin+eAcelerator一键安装包" href="http://blog.licess.org/lnmp/" rel="external nofollow">vpser所做的这个LNMP一键安装包</a>来安装，但是我无论用什么系统，安装都不成功，可能也跟我用vim不熟练有关系，也不知道改哪个.</p>
<p>后来在网上找到了<a href="http://imcat.in/the-latest-linux-under-nginx-mysql-php-memcache-vsftpd-one-click-installation-package/" rel="external nofollow">猫言猫语</a> 这个修改版的lnmp一键安装包，却安装的很顺利.</p>
<p>以下引子猫言猫语.</p>
<blockquote><p>程序版本为: Nginx 0.7.60  PHP5.2.9  MySQL 5.1.35</p>
<p>1.首先登陆VPS,用SSH登陆.</p>
<p>2.安装LNMP,进入一个目录:cd /usr/local/src</p>
<p>然后就下载LNMP:wget http://imcat.in/LNMP.zip</p>
<p>解压缩 unzip LNMP.zip</p>
<p>有些VPS安装后没有unzip这个命令,那么运行 yum install unzip</p>
<p>进入该目录 cd LNMP</p>
<p>给脚本添加执行权限:chmod +x down.sh install.sh startup.sh</p>
<p>下载安装所需的源代码文件: ./down.sh</p>
<p>开始安装: ./install.sh</p>
<p>安装完后,请运行:passwd www</p>
<p>为www用户设置一个密码.这个用户和密码就是ftp的用户名和密码</p>
<p>修改您的MySQL的root密码<br />
使用命令：mysqladmin -u root -p password mypasswd //mypasswd为自己的密码<br />
如果提示没有mysqladmin命令.请运行:yum install mysql</p>
<p>这样你就可以上传你的网站了.</p>
<p>程序安装路径：<br />
MySQL : /usr/local/mysql<br />
PHP : /usr/local/php<br />
Nginx : /usr/local/nginx<br />
PHPMyAdmin /home/www/phpmyadmin<br />
Web目录 /home/www<br />
FTP根目录 /home/www</p>
<p>注意：MYSQL数据库用户名root密码root，登陆后进入mysql数据库，找到user表，删除除了有root密码外的所有用户</p>
</blockquote>
<p>这样一套下来，基本上就算是安装成功了lnmp了&#8230;但是优化起来还是比较费劲的.</p>
<p>基本上ssh输入top命令就是这样了<br />
<a href="http://www.openboy.net/tag/linux"><img class="alignnone" title="登录vps的ssh之后输入top命令" src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2777/4375355210_f20334f0be_o.jpg" alt="登录vps的ssh之后输入top命令" width="642" height="410" /></a></p>
<p>大家讲究看一下吧～基本上占用内存达到了90多MB，也不知道你们安装lnmp大概多少内存呢？</p>
<p>下面还有一些摘自网上的linux常用命令..<br />
Linux常用信息查看命令、linux命令查看linux常用信息<br />
# free -m                # 查看内存使用量和交换区使用量<br />
# df -h                  # 查看各分区使用情况<br />
# du -sh &lt;目录名&gt;        # 查看指定目录的大小<br />
# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo   # 查看内存总量<br />
# grep MemFree /proc/meminfo    # 查看空闲内存量<br />
# uptime                 # 查看系统运行时间、用户数、负载<br />
# cat /proc/loadavg      # 查看系统负载磁盘和分区<br />
# uname -a               # 查看内核/操作系统/CPU信息<br />
# head -n 1 /etc/issue   # 查看操作系统版本<br />
# cat /proc/cpuinfo      # 查看CPU信息<br />
# hostname               # 查看计算机名<br />
# lspci -tv              # 列出所有PCI设备<br />
# lsusb -tv              # 列出所有USB设备<br />
# lsmod                  # 列出加载的内核模块<br />
# env                    # 查看环境变量资源<br />
# ifconfig               # 查看所有网络接口的属性<br />
# iptables -L            # 查看防火墙设置<br />
# route -n               # 查看路由表<br />
# netstat -lntp          # 查看所有监听端口<br />
# netstat -antp          # 查看所有已经建立的连接<br />
# netstat -s             # 查看网络统计信息进程<br />
# mount | column -t      # 查看挂接的分区状态<br />
# fdisk -l               # 查看所有分区<br />
# swapon -s              # 查看所有交换分区<br />
# hdparm -i /dev/hda     # 查看磁盘参数(仅适用于IDE设备)<br />
# dmesg | grep IDE       # 查看启动时IDE设备检测状况网络<br />
# chkconfig &#8211;list       # 列出所有系统服务<br />
# chkconfig &#8211;list | grep on    # 列出所有启动的系统服务程序<br />
# ps -ef                 # 查看所有进程<br />
# top                    # 实时显示进程状态用户<br />
# w                      # 查看活动用户<br />
# id &lt;用户名&gt;            # 查看指定用户信息<br />
# last                   # 查看用户登录日志<br />
# cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd   # 查看系统所有用户<br />
# cut -d: -f1 /etc/group    # 查看系统所有组<br />
# crontab -l             # 查看当前用户的计划任务服务<br />
# rpm -qa                # 查看所有安装的软件包<br />
如果你想优化你的vps，推荐你看一下这些文章：</p>
<p>1.<a title="64mb内存优化debian、php、mysql、nginx...一系列文章" href="http://www.vpsee.com/2009/06/64mb-vps-optimize-debian5/" rel="external nofollow">64MB VPS 上优化 Debian 5</a></p>
<p>2.<a href="http://blog.s135.com/post/375/" rel="external nofollow">Nginx 0.7.x + PHP 5.2.6（FastCGI）+ MySQL 5.1 在128M小内存VPS服务器上的配置优化</a></p>
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		<slash:comments>19</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>总结一些linux目录结构和终端命令</title>
		<link>http://www.openboy.net/linux-directory-structure-and-ssh-order.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.openboy.net/linux-directory-structure-and-ssh-order.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2009 06:09:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>@openboy</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ssh]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[命令]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[目录]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.openboy.net/?p=420</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[linux目录架构 / 根目录 /bin    常用的命令 binary file 的目錄 /boot   存放系统启动时必须读取的档案，包括核心 (kernel) 在内 /boot/grub/menu.lst   GRUB设置 /boot/vmlinuz   内核 /boot/initrd     核心解壓縮所需 RAM Disk /dev    系统周边设备 /etc    系统相关设定文件 /etc/DIR_COLORS   设定颜色 /etc/HOSTNAME   设定用户的节点名 /etc/NETWORKING   只有YES标明网络存在 /etc/host.conf 文件说明用户的系统如何查询节点名 /etc/hosts 设定用户自已的IP与名字的对应表 /etc/hosts.allow 设置允许使用inetd的机器使用 /etc/hosts.deny 设置不允许使用inetd的机器使用 /etc/hosts.equiv 设置远端机不用密码 /etc/inetd.conf 设定系统网络守护进程inetd的配置 /etc/gateways 设定路由器 /etc/protocols 设定系统支持的协议 /etc/named.boot 设定本机为名字服务器的配置文件 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0   设置IP /etc/resolv.conf    设置DNS /etc/X11 X Window的配置文件,xorg.conf [...]<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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</table>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3><strong>linux目录架构</strong></h3>
<p align="left">/ 根目录<br />
/bin      常用的命令 binary file 的目錄<br />
/boot     存放系统启动时必须读取的档案，包括核心 (kernel) 在内<br />
/boot/grub/menu.lst     GRUB设置<br />
/boot/vmlinuz     内核<br />
/boot/initrd       核心解壓縮所需 RAM Disk<br />
/dev      系统周边设备<span id="more-420"></span><br />
/etc      系统相关设定文件<br />
/etc/DIR_COLORS     设定颜色<br />
/etc/HOSTNAME     设定用户的节点名<br />
/etc/NETWORKING     只有YES标明网络存在<br />
/etc/host.conf 文件说明用户的系统如何查询节点名<br />
/etc/hosts 设定用户自已的IP与名字的对应表<br />
/etc/hosts.allow 设置允许使用inetd的机器使用<br />
/etc/hosts.deny 设置不允许使用inetd的机器使用<br />
/etc/hosts.equiv 设置远端机不用密码<br />
/etc/inetd.conf 设定系统网络守护进程inetd的配置<br />
/etc/gateways 设定路由器<br />
/etc/protocols 设定系统支持的协议<br />
/etc/named.boot 设定本机为名字服务器的配置文件<br />
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0     设置IP<br />
/etc/resolv.conf      设置DNS<br />
/etc/X11 X Window的配置文件,xorg.conf 或 XF86Config 這兩個 X Server 的設定檔<br />
/etc/fstab      记录开机要mount的文件系统<br />
/etc/inittab 设定系统启动时init进程将把系统设置成什么样的runlevel<br />
/etc/issue 记录用户登录前显示的信息<br />
/etc/group 设定用户的组名与相关信息<br />
/etc/passwd 帐号信息<br />
/etc/shadow 密码信息<br />
/etc/sudoers 可以sudo命令的配置文件<br />
/etc/securetty 设定哪些终端可以让root登录<br />
/etc/login.defs 所有用户登录时的缺省配置<br />
/etc/exports 设定NFS系统用的<br />
/etc/init.d/     所有服務的預設啟動 script 都是放在這裡的，例如要啟動或者關閉<br />
/etc/xinetd.d/ 這就是所謂的 super daemon 管理的各項服務的設定檔目錄<br />
/etc/modprobe.conf     内核模块额外参数设定<br />
/etc/syslog.conf     日志设置文件<br />
/home     使用者家目录<br />
/lib      系统会使用到的函数库<br />
/lib/modules     kernel 的相关模块<br />
/var/lib/rpm     rpm套件安装处<br />
/lost+found      系統不正常產生錯誤時，會將一些遺失的片段放置於此目錄下<br />
/mnt       外设的挂载点<br />
/media     与/mnt类似<br />
/opt       主机额外安装的软件<br />
/proc      虚拟目录，是内存的映射<br />
/proc/version     内核版本<br />
/proc/sys/kernel     系统内核功能<br />
/root      系统管理员的家目录<br />
/sbin      系统管理员才能执行的指令<br />
/srv       一些服務啟動之後，這些服務所需要取用的資料目錄<br />
/tmp       一般使用者或者是正在執行的程序暫時放置檔案的地方<br />
/usr       最大的目录，存许应用程序和文件<br />
/usr/X11R6：     X-Window目录<br />
/usr/src：      Linux源代码<br />
/usr/include：系统头文件<br />
/usr/openwin 存放SUN的OpenWin<br />
/usr/man 在线使用手册<br />
/usr/bin             使用者可執行的 binary file 的目錄<br />
/usr/local/bin       使用者可執行的 binary file 的目錄<br />
/usr/lib             系统会使用到的函数库<br />
/usr/local/lib       系统会使用到的函数库<br />
/usr/sbin            系统管理员才能执行的指令<br />
/usr/local/sbin      系统管理员才能执行的指令<br />
/var     日志文件<br />
/var/log/secure      記錄登入系統存取資料的檔案，例如 pop3, ssh, telnet, ftp 等都會記錄在此檔案中<br />
/var/log/wtmp        記錄登入者的訊息資料, last<br />
/var/log/messages 幾乎系統發生的錯誤訊息<br />
/var/log/boot.log 記錄開機或者是一些服務啟動的時候，所顯示的啟動或關閉訊息<br />
/var/log/maillog     紀錄郵件存取或往來( sendmail 與 pop3 )的使用者記錄<br />
/var/log/cron        記錄 crontab 這個例行性服務的內容<br />
/var/log/httpd, /var/log/news, /var/log/mysqld.log, /var/log/samba, /var/log/procmail.log：<br />
分別是幾個不同的網路服務的記錄檔</p>
<p align="left">
<h3><strong>linux一些常用的基本命令:</strong></h3>
<p align="left">uname -a      查看内核版本<br />
ls -al      显示所有文件的属性<br />
pwd           显示当前路径<br />
cd -      返回上一次目录       cd ~      返回主目录<br />
date s        设置时间、日期<br />
cal        显示日历       cal 2006<br />
bc            计算器具<br />
man &amp; info       帮助手册<br />
locale       显示当前字体       locale -a      所有可用字体       /etc/sysconfig/i18n设置文件<br />
LANG=en      使用英文字体<br />
sync         将数据同步写入硬盘<br />
shutdonw -h now &amp; half &amp; poweroff 关机<br />
reboot       重启<br />
startx &amp; init 5     进入图形介面<br />
/work &amp; ?work      向上、下查找文档内容<br />
chgrp        改变档案群组 chgrp testing install.log<br />
chown       改变所属人     chown root:root install.log<br />
chmod        改变属性       chmod 777 install.log       read=4 write=2 execute=1<br />
cp     复制     cp filename<br />
rm     删除文件 rm -rf filename     强制删除文件<br />
rmdir     删除文件夹<br />
mv 移动      mv 123.txt 222.txt 重命名<br />
mkdir       创建文件夹<br />
touch       创建文件 更新当前时间<br />
cat         由第一行开始显示       cat |more 分页<br />
nl          在内容前加行号<br />
more &amp; less     一面一面翻动<br />
head -n filename     显示第N行内容<br />
tail -n filename 显示后N行内容<br />
od          显示非纯文档<br />
df -h 显示分区空间<br />
du 显示目录或文件的大小<br />
fdisk     分区设置      fdisk -l /dev/hda 显示硬盘分区状态<br />
mkfs      建立各种文件系统 mkfs -t ext3 /dev/ram15<br />
fsck      检查和修复LINUX档案<br />
ln        硬链接     ln -s 软件链接<br />
whereis     查找命令<br />
locate      查找<br />
find        查找     find / -name “***.***”<br />
which       查看工具<br />
whoami      显示当前用户<br />
gcc -v      查看GCC版本<br />
chattr +i filename 禁止删除     chattr -i filename 取消禁止<br />
lsattr      显示隐藏档属性<br />
updatedb 更新资料库<br />
mke2fs      格式化     mkfs -t ext3<br />
dd if=/etc/passwd of=/tmp/passwd.bak      备份<br />
mount       列出系统所有的分区<br />
mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom     挂载光盘<br />
mount -t vfat /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy         挂载软盘<br />
mount -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=000 /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2     挂载fat32分区<br />
mount -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=000 /dev/hda3 /mnt/hda3           挂载ntfs分区<br />
Linux-NTFS Project: <a href="http://linux-ntfs.sourceforge.net/" target="_blank">http://linux-ntfs.sourceforge.net/</a><br />
umount /mnt/hda3 缷载<br />
ifconfig     显示或设置网络设备<br />
service network restart     重启网卡<br />
ifdown eth0 关闭网卡<br />
ifup eth0      开启网卡<br />
clear      清屏<br />
history      历史记录         !55 执行第55个指令<br />
stty     设置终端      stty -a<br />
fdisk /mbr     删除GRUB<br />
at       僅進行一次的工作排程<br />
crontab     循環執行的例行性命令      [e]编辑,[l]显示,[r]删除任务<br />
&amp;         后台运行程序      tar -zxvf 123.tar.gz &amp; &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&gt;后台运行<br />
jobs      观看后台暂停的程序     jobs -l<br />
fg        将后台程序调到前台     fg n &#8212;&#8212;&gt;n是数字,可以指定进行那个程序<br />
bg        让工作在后台运行<br />
kill      结束进程      kill -9 PID       [9]强制结束,[15]正常结束,[l]列出可用的kill信号<br />
ps aux 查看后台程序<br />
top       查看后台程序     top -d 2      每两秒更新一次          top -d 2 -p10604     观看某个PID<br />
top -b -n 2 &gt; /tmp/top.txt &#8212;&#8211;&gt;將 top 的資訊進行 2 次，然後將結果輸出到 /tmp/top.txt<br />
pstree     以树状图显示程序      [A]以 ASCII 來連接, [u]列出PID, [p]列出帐号<br />
killall     要刪除某個服務      killall -9 httpd<br />
free        显示内存状态       free -m &#8212;&#8212;&#8211;&gt;以M为单位显示<br />
uptime      显示目前系统开机时间<br />
netstat     显示网络状态      netstat -tulnp&#8212;&#8212;&gt;找出目前系統上已在監聽的網路連線及其 PID<br />
dmesg       显示开机信息      demsg | more<br />
nice        设置优先权        nice -n -5 vi &amp; &#8212;&#8211;&gt;用 root 給一個 nice 植為 -5 ，用於執行 vi<br />
renice      调整已存在优先权<br />
runlevel 显示目前的runlevel<br />
depmod      分析可载入模块的相依性<br />
lsmod       显示已载入系统的模块<br />
modinfo     显示kernel模块的信息<br />
insmod      载入模块<br />
modprobe     自动处理可载入模块<br />
rmmod       删除模块<br />
chkconfig     检查，设置系统的各种服务       chkconfig &#8211;list &#8212;&#8211;&gt;列出各项服务状态<br />
ntsysv       设置系统的各种服务<br />
cpio        备份文件</p>
<p align="left"><strong>压缩命令：</strong><br />
*.Z        compress 程式壓縮的檔案；<br />
*.bz2      bzip2 程式壓縮的檔案；<br />
*.gz       gzip 程式壓縮的檔案；<br />
*.tar      tar 程式打包的資料，並沒有壓縮過；<br />
*.tar.gz tar 程式打包的檔案，其中並且經過 gzip 的壓縮<br />
compress filename 压缩文件 加[-d]解压 uncompress<br />
gzip filename     压缩 加[-d]解压 zcat 123.gz 查看压缩文件内容<br />
bzip2 -z filename 压缩 加[-d]解压     bzcat filename.bz2 查看压缩文件内容<br />
tar -cvf /home/123.tar /etc 打包，不压缩<br />
tar -xvf 123.tar     解开包<br />
tar -zxvf /home/123.tar.gz 以gzip解压<br />
tar -jxvf /home/123.tar.bz2 以bzip2解压<br />
tar -ztvf /tmp/etc.tar.gz     查看tar内容<br />
cpio -covB &gt; [file|device]     份份<br />
cpio -icduv &lt; [file|device]     还原</p>
<div id="blog_text">
<div>
<p><strong>vi一般用法</strong><br />
一般模式                编辑模式                    指令模式<br />
h 左                 a,i,r,o,A,I,R,O               :w 保存<br />
j 下                  进入编辑模式                  :w! 强制保存<br />
k 上                  dd 删除光标当前行             :q! 不保存离开<br />
l 右                  ndd 删除n行                   :wq! 保存后离开<br />
0 移动到行首          yy 复制当前行                  :e! 还原原始档<br />
$ 移动到行尾          nyy 复制n行                    :w filename 另存为<br />
H 屏幕最上            p,P 粘贴                       :set nu 设置行号<br />
M 屏幕中央            u 撤消                        :set nonu 取消行号<br />
L 屏幕最下            [Ctrl]+r 重做上一个动作         ZZ 保存离开<br />
G 档案最后一行        [ctrl]+z 暂停退出              :set nohlsearch     永久地关闭高亮显示<br />
/work 向下搜索                                     :sp 同时打开两个文档<br />
?work 向上搜索                                     [Ctrl]+w 两个文档设换<br />
gg 移动到档案第一行                                :nohlsearch      暂时关闭高亮显示</p>
<p><strong>认识SHELL</strong><br />
alias      显示当前所有的命令别名        alias lm=”ls -al”     命令别名      unalias lm 取消命令别名<br />
type        类似which<br />
exprot      设置或显示环境变量<br />
exprot PATH=”$PATH”:/sbin 添加/sbin入PATH路径<br />
echo $PATH      显示PATH路径<br />
bash        进入子程序<br />
name=yang       设定变量<br />
unset name      取消变量<br />
echo $name      显示变量的内容<br />
myname=”$name its me”     &amp;     myname=&#8217;$name its me&#8217;       单引号时$name失去变量内容<br />
ciw=/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/       设置路径<br />
env        列出所有环境变量<br />
echo $RANDOM      显示随意产生的数<br />
set        设置SHELL<br />
PS1=&#8217;[\u@\h \w \A #\#]\$ &#8216;       提示字元的設定<br />
[root@linux ~]# read [-pt] variable       &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;读取键盘输入的变量<br />
參數：<br />
-p ：後面可以接提示字元！<br />
-t ：後面可以接等待的『秒數！』<br />
declare      声明 shell 变量<br />
ulimit -a     显示所有限制资料<br />
ls /tmp/yang &amp;&amp; echo “exist” || echo “not exist”<br />
意思是說，當 ls /tmp/yang 執行後，若正確，就執行echo “exist” ,若有問題，就執行echo “not exist”<br />
echo $PATH | cut -d &#8216;:&#8217; -f 5         以:为分隔符,读取第5段内容<br />
export | cut -c 10-20        读取第10到20个字节的内容<br />
last | grep &#8216;root&#8217;      搜索有root的一行,加[-v]反向搜索<br />
cat /etc/passwd | sort      排序显示<br />
cat /etc/passwd | wc        显示『行、字数、字节数』</p>
<p><strong>正规表示法</strong><br />
[root@test root]# grep [-acinv] &#8216;搜尋字串&#8217; filename<br />
參數說明：<br />
-a ：將 binary 檔案以 text 檔案的方式搜尋資料<br />
-c ：計算找到 &#8216;搜尋字串&#8217; 的次數<br />
-i ：忽略大小寫的不同，所以大小寫視為相同<br />
-n ：順便輸出行號<br />
-v ：反向選擇，亦即顯示出沒有 &#8216;搜尋字串&#8217; 內容的那一行！<br />
grep -n &#8216;the&#8217; 123.txt       搜索the字符 &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;搜尋特定字串<br />
grep -n &#8216;t[ea]st&#8217; 123.txt      搜索test或taste两个字符&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;利用 [] 來搜尋集合字元<br />
grep -n &#8216;[^g]oo&#8217; 123.txt       搜索前面不为g的oo&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;向選擇 [^]<br />
grep -n &#8216;[0-9]&#8216; 123.txt 搜索有0-9的数字<br />
grep -n &#8216;^the&#8217; 123.txt 搜索以the为行首&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;行首搜索^<br />
grep -n &#8216;^[^a-zA-Z]&#8216; 123.txt 搜索不以英文字母开头<br />
grep -n &#8216;[a-z]$&#8217; 123.txt      搜索以a-z结尾的行&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;- 行尾搜索$<br />
grep -n &#8216;g..d&#8217; 123.txt       搜索开头g结尾d字符&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-任意一個字元 .<br />
grep -n &#8216;ooo*&#8217; 123.txt       搜索至少有两个oo的字符&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;重複字元 *<br />
sed      文本流编辑器      利用脚本命令来处理文本文件<br />
awd      模式扫描和处理语言<br />
nl 123.txt | sed &#8217;2,5d&#8217;     删除第二到第五行的内容<br />
diff       比较文件的差异<br />
cmp        比较两个文件是否有差异<br />
patch      修补文件<br />
pr         要打印的文件格式化<br />
<strong>帐号管理</strong><br />
/etc/passwd      系统帐号信息<br />
/etc/shadow      帐号密码信息      经MD5 32位加密<br />
在密码栏前面加『 * 』『 ! 』禁止使用某帐号<br />
/etc/group       系统群组信息<br />
/etc/gshadow<br />
newgrp      改变登陆组<br />
useradd &amp; adduser      建立新用户 &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&gt; useradd -m test 自动建立用户的登入目录<br />
useradd -m -g pgroup test &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&gt;指定所属级<br />
/etc/default/useradd     相关设定<br />
/etc/login.defs         UID/GID 有關的設定<br />
passwd      更改密码 &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;&gt; passwd test<br />
usermod     修改用户帐号<br />
userdel     删除帐号 &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;&gt;userdel -r test<br />
chsh        更换登陆系统时使用的SHELL     [-l]显示可用的SHELL;[-s]修改自己的SHELL<br />
chfn        改变finger指令显示的信息<br />
finger      查找并显示用户信息<br />
id          显示用户的ID &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;&gt; id test<br />
groupadd     添加组<br />
groupmod     与usermod类似<br />
groupdel     删除组<br />
su test      更改用户     su -      进入root,且使用root的环境变量<br />
sudo         以其他身份来执行指令<br />
visudo       编辑/etc/sudoers        加入一行『 test ALL=(ALL) ALL 』<br />
%wheel ALL = (ALL) ALL                 系统里所有wheel群组的用户都可用sudo<br />
%wheel ALL = (ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL       wheel群组所有用户都不用密码NOPASSWD<br />
User_Alias ADMPW = vbird, dmtsai, vbird1, vbird3           加入ADMPW组<br />
ADMPW ALL = NOPASSWD: !/usr/bin/passwd, /usr/bin/passwd [A-Za-z]*, \<br />
!/usr/bin/passwd root        可以更改使用者密码,但不能更改root密码 (在指令前面加入 ! 代表不可)<br />
PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules, 嵌入式模組)<br />
who &amp; w       看谁在线<br />
last          最近登陆主机的信息<br />
lastlog       最近登入的時間      读取 /var/log/lastlog<br />
talk          与其他用户交谈<br />
write         发送信息      write test     [ctrl]+d 发送<br />
mesg          设置终端机的写入权限      mesg n 禁止接收       mesg y<br />
wall          向所有用户发送信息      wall this is q test<br />
mail          写mail<br />
/etc/default/useradd      家目录默认设置</p>
<p>quota        显示磁盘已使用的空间与限制       quota -guvs &#8212;&#8211;&gt;秀出目前 root 自己的 quota 限制值<br />
quota -vu     查询<br />
quotacheck     检查磁盘的使用空间与限制       quotacheck -avug &#8212;&#8211;&gt;將所有的在 /etc/mtab 內，含有 quota 支援的 partition 進行掃瞄<br />
[-m] 强制扫描<br />
quota一定要是独立的分区,要有quota.user和quota.group两件文件,在/etc/fstab添加一句:<br />
/dev/hda3 /home ext3 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 1 2<br />
chmod 600 quota*           设置完成,重启生效<br />
edquota      编辑用户或群组的quota [u]用户,[g]群组,[p]复制,[t]设置宽限期限<br />
edquota -a yang         edquota -p yang -u young &#8212;&#8211;&gt;复制<br />
quotaon      开启磁盘空间限制       quotaon -auvg &#8212;&#8212;&#8211;&gt;啟動所有的具有 quota 的 filesystem<br />
quotaoff     关闭磁盘空间限制       quotaoff -a &#8212;&#8212;&#8211;&gt;關閉了 quota 的限制<br />
repquota -av       查閱系統內所有的具有 quota 的 filesystem 的限值狀態</p>
<p>Quota 從開始準備 filesystem 的支援到整個設定結束的主要的步驟大概是：<br />
1、設定 partition 的 filesystem 支援 quota 參數：<br />
由於 quota 必須要讓 partition 上面的 filesystem 支援才行，一般來說， 支援度最好的是 ext2/ext3 ，<br />
其他的 filesystem 類型鳥哥我是沒有試過啦！ 啟動 filesystem 支援 quota 最簡單就是編輯 /etc/fstab ，<br />
使得準備要開放的 quota 磁碟可以支援 quota 囉；<br />
2、建立 quota 記錄檔：<br />
剛剛前面講過，整個 quota 進行磁碟限制值記錄的檔案是 aquota.user/aquota.group，<br />
要建立這兩個檔案就必須要先利用 quotacheck 掃瞄才行喔！<br />
3、編輯 quota 限制值資料：<br />
再來就是使用 edquota 來編輯每個使用者或群組的可使用空間囉；<br />
4、重新掃瞄與啟動 quota ：<br />
設定好 quota 之後，建議可以再進行一次 quotacheck ，然後再以 quotaon 來啟動吧！</p>
<h3><strong>开机流程简介</strong></h3>
<p>1、載入 BIOS 的硬體資訊，並取得第一個開機裝置的代號；<br />
2、讀取第一個開機裝置的 MBR 的 boot Loader (亦即是 lilo, grub, spfdisk 等等) 的開機資訊；<br />
3、載入 Kernel 作業系統核心資訊， Kernel 開始解壓縮，並且嘗試驅動所有硬體裝置；<br />
4、Kernel 執行 init 程式並取得 run-level 資訊；<br />
5、init 執行 /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit 檔案；<br />
6、啟動核心的外掛模組 (/etc/modprobe.conf)；<br />
7、init 執行 run-level 的各個批次檔( Scripts )；<br />
8、init 執行 /etc/rc.d/rc.local 檔案；<br />
9、執行 /bin/login 程式，並等待使用者登入；<br />
10、登入之後開始以 Shell 控管主機。</p>
<p>在/etc/rc.d/rc3.d內,以S开头的为开机启动,以K开头的为关闭,接着的数字代表执行顺序</p>
<p>GRUB vga设定<br />
彩度\解析度 640&#215;480 800&#215;600 1024&#215;768 1280&#215;1024     bit<br />
256          769        771        773         775        8 bit<br />
32768         784        787        790         793       15 bit<br />
65536         785        788        791         794       16 bit<br />
16.8M         786        789        792         795       32 bit<br />
./configure      检查系统信息         ./configure &#8211;help | more 帮助信息<br />
make clean       清除之前留下的文件<br />
make             编译<br />
make install     安装</p>
<p>rpm -q &#8212;&#8211;&gt;查询是否安装               rpm -ql &#8212;&#8212;&gt;查询该套件所有的目录<br />
rpm -qi &#8212;&#8211;&gt;查询套件的说明资料         rpm -qc[d] &#8212;&#8211;&gt;设定档与说明档<br />
rpm -ivh &#8212;-&gt;安装                      rpm -V &#8212;&#8212;&#8211;&gt;查看套件有否更动过<br />
rpm -e &#8212;&#8212;&gt;删除                      rpm -Uvh &#8212;&#8212;-&gt;升级安装<br />
&#8211;nodeps &#8212;&#8211;&gt;强行安装                  &#8211;test &#8212;&#8211;&gt;测试安装</p></div>
</div>
<h3>清理旧版本的软件缓存</h3>
<pre>sudo apt-get autoclean</pre>
<h3>清理所有软件缓存</h3>
<pre>sudo apt-get clean</pre>
<h3>删除系统不再使用的孤立软件</h3>
<pre>sudo apt-get autoremove</pre>
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		<description><![CDATA[我自己是很少上unix-center的，但是不代表以后不会去上，这个站点还是非常好的，主要是用于教学&#8230;我也是今天收到邮件才知道的.人家遇到困难就帮助宣传下，有能力的朋友帮助下吧。。 尊敬的用户： 这是Unix-Center.Net的群发邮件。 您收到这封邮件，是因为您是Unix-Center.Net的注册会员。如果您已经通过其他途径收到过类似的邮件，请接受我诚挚的道歉。 我恳请诸位花一点时间读完这篇文章，因为将有数以万计的人会从您的爱心中得到帮助。 Unix-Center.Net的目标是为研究、学习和使用各种版本的Unix和类Unix操作系统的教师、学生和工程技术人员提供一个体验和测试各种版本的Unix和类Unix系统的软硬件平台。该平台能够为所有注册用户免费提供SSH/VNC服务，MySQL数据库服务，传统的C/C++、 Java、Fortran等多种语言开发环境，基于Apache、MySQL和PHP的Web应用开发环境。简单地讲，Unix-Center.Net的注册用户可以远程登录进入多个不同的操作系统，具备自己独立的用户空间和磁盘配额，享受该操作系统上普通用户的所有权限，学习和使用各种版本的Unix和类Unix操作系统的常用命令和功能，可以将自己正在开发的应用程序上载到Unix体验中心的服务器，在不同的软硬件平台上编译和运行。 到目前为止，Unix-Center.Net所提供的操作系统包括AIX 5.3，Solaris 10，OpenSolaris 2009.04，Fedora Core 10，Ubuntu 8.04，FreeBSD 6.2，Debian Linux for MIPS。这些操作系统分别运行在IBM Power 5，Sun UltraSPARC T1，AMD Opteron，Intel Xeon，龙芯2E等不同构架的处理器上。各种各样的服务器，再加上交换机、防火墙、存储等等，Unix-Center.Net的全部设备需要整整三个机柜才能够装得下。 中国大陆的网络环境很独特。拿各个大学的接入情况来看，清华北大等高校是通过中国教育科研网（CERNET）接入互联网的，以中科院为代表的一大批科研院所访问国内网站是需要先从国外绕一大圈再绕回来的，南方相当多的高校是通过公网（网通、联通、电信）接入互联网的。由于Unix- Center.Net的主要服务对象是学生，所以选择将服务器托管在互连互通条件比较好的北京赛尔机房，不然的话大部分学生访问起来都有困难。 这个网站不是政府所设置的开放实验室，也不是任何网络公司投资的创新项目。它是我的个人网站。 做这样一个网站的缘起很简单。因为工作的关系，我注意到很多高校 －－ 即使是非常好的高校 －－也没有办法给学生提供一个全面的环境来学习操作系统。大部分学校的机房，运行的操作系统清一色的是Windows。极少数学校的机房可以提供一两个版本的 Unix或者是Linux操作系统，但是和市面上版本繁多的操作系统相比较，可以选择的余地是在太少。在处理器构架方面，基本上都是x86/x64处理器，学生可能听说过其他种类的处理器，但是基本上没有机会见到，更不用说是使用了。因此，我萌发了一个极其简单的想法：买一些不同构架的服务器，安装上不同种类的操作系统，托管到一个机房，开放注册账号，免费地提供SSH登录服务。我是一个急性子的人，想到的事情就要赶紧去做，于是Unix- Center.Net的雏形在2007年初上线了。我没有想到的是，在短短的时间里便有上万名用户注册到这个系统，并且对系统功能提出了更多的需求。于是我赶紧添加新的服务器，并且恳求朋友帮忙开发一些必要的程序，逐渐完善这个系统的功能。 我于2000年底硕士毕业之后，在美国工作了三年，又在中国工作了六年。在过去的两年半中，这个系统烧掉了我大部分的工资和积蓄。购买各种服务器设备的费用，大概是70万人民币；北京赛尔机房的服务器托管和带宽费用，大概是每年30万人民币。（由于Unix-Center.Net对于推广我的雇主的操作系统有很大的帮助，我的雇主曾经在我的游说之下为Unix-Center.Net提供了半年的带宽费用。但是考虑到Unix-Center.Net同时提供其他种类的操作系统，我的雇主后来中止了对Unix-Center.Net的支持。）和我同年龄的人，现在大部分都有车有房了吧。而我最值钱的资产，是在保安严密的机房中的三个机柜。 我曾经和国家负责推广Linux和开源技术的机构取得联系，也曾经和某些教育部门取得联系，希望能够得到他们的支持。但是“有关部门”的负责人听取了我的陈述之后，不约而同地摇摇头，说：“你这个事情做得很好。很遗憾我们不能够给你提供任何帮助。”我也曾经考虑过将这个网站用商业化的模式来运作，但是这个公益性平台所服务的对象大部分是穷学生和穷教师，暂时并没有盈利的空间。并且，我自认为我是一个做事的人，而不是一个做生意的人。让我自己来运营一家公司的话，赚钱的可能性并不大。 中国是一个发展中国家，我们有很多教师、学生和工程人员希望能够学习Unix/Linux系统，却又苦于没有合适的环境和条件。Unix- Center.Net存在的目的，就是给这些爱好Unix/Linux的人一个学习和练习的条件。用一个简单的数据来说，到2009年6 月底，Unix-Center.Net的注册用户接近9 万人。我不知道这么多人都在这些服务器上做什么事情，但是我相信这些服务器对他们有用。譬如说，清华大学教授操作系统课程的一位教授告诉我说他让学生们到 Unix-Center.Net来对不同的操作系统进行比较。又譬如说，我收到中国科技大学一位博士生的电子邮件，说是他利用这些服务器完成了毕业论文中比较关键的一些计算。这些有限的证言，让我坚信这个系统是有其存在的意义的。尽管没有获得“有关部门”的支持，我从来都没有想过要放弃。 坦率地说，我现在遇到了一些困难。我所在的公司，在这次经济危机中被收购了。我不能够确定将来我是否还有能力将这个系统支持下去。但是我非常希望能够维持这个系统的运行，因为它确实对很多人有用。如果您也相信这一点的话，我希望您能够帮助我将这个系统维持下去。不管是10元、100元还是1000 元，对于Unix-Center.Net的用户来说都是莫大的帮助。 如果您在中国，您可以将您的捐款通过转帐支付给我的个人银行账号： 中国银行北京市分行清华园支行 蒋清野 4563-5101-0088-4741-228 招商银行北京市分行清华园支行 蒋清野 6226-0901-0156-8117 支付宝账户 13511026844 如果您在国外，您可以将您的捐款通过PayPal支付给我的个人账号（qjiang#ieee.org），或者是通过转帐支付到我在CitiBank的个人账号： CitiBank FDIC Routing [...]<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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                <font size="-1" color="#bbbbbb" style="display: block !important; font-family: arial !important; padding: 5px 0 !important; font-size: 12px !important; color: #bbb !important;">无觅</font>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>我自己是很少上unix-center的，但是不代表以后不会去上，这个站点还是非常好的，主要是用于教学&#8230;我也是今天收到邮件才知道的.人家遇到困难就帮助宣传下，有能力的朋友帮助下吧。。</p>
<blockquote><p>尊敬的用户：</p>
<p>这是Unix-Center.Net的群发邮件。</p>
<div id=":10x">您收到这封邮件，是因为您是Unix-Center.Net的注册会员。如果您<span id="more-414"></span>已经通过其他途径收到过类似的邮件，请接受我诚挚的道歉。</p>
<p>我恳请诸位花一点时间读完这篇文章，因为将有数以万计的人会从您的爱心中得到帮助。</p>
<p>Unix-Center.Net的目标是为研究、学习和使用各种版本的Unix和类Unix操作系统的教师、学生和工程技术人员提供一个体验和测试各种版本的Unix和类Unix系统的软硬件平台。该平台能够为所有注册用户免费提供SSH/VNC服务，MySQL数据库服务，传统的C/C++、 Java、Fortran等多种语言开发环境，基于Apache、MySQL和PHP的Web应用开发环境。简单地讲，Unix-Center.Net的注册用户可以远程登录进入多个不同的操作系统，具备自己独立的用户空间和磁盘配额，享受该操作系统上普通用户的所有权限，学习和使用各种版本的Unix和类Unix操作系统的常用命令和功能，可以将自己正在开发的应用程序上载到Unix体验中心的服务器，在不同的软硬件平台上编译和运行。</p>
<p>到目前为止，Unix-Center.Net所提供的操作系统包括AIX 5.3，Solaris 10，OpenSolaris 2009.04，Fedora Core 10，Ubuntu 8.04，FreeBSD 6.2，Debian Linux for MIPS。这些操作系统分别运行在IBM Power 5，Sun UltraSPARC T1，AMD Opteron，Intel Xeon，龙芯2E等不同构架的处理器上。各种各样的服务器，再加上交换机、防火墙、存储等等，Unix-Center.Net的全部设备需要整整三个机柜才能够装得下。</p>
<p>中国大陆的网络环境很独特。拿各个大学的接入情况来看，清华北大等高校是通过中国教育科研网（CERNET）接入互联网的，以中科院为代表的一大批科研院所访问国内网站是需要先从国外绕一大圈再绕回来的，南方相当多的高校是通过公网（网通、联通、电信）接入互联网的。由于Unix- Center.Net的主要服务对象是学生，所以选择将服务器托管在互连互通条件比较好的北京赛尔机房，不然的话大部分学生访问起来都有困难。</p>
<p>这个网站不是政府所设置的开放实验室，也不是任何网络公司投资的创新项目。它是我的个人网站。</p>
<p>做这样一个网站的缘起很简单。因为工作的关系，我注意到很多高校 －－ 即使是非常好的高校 －－也没有办法给学生提供一个全面的环境来学习操作系统。大部分学校的机房，运行的操作系统清一色的是Windows。极少数学校的机房可以提供一两个版本的 Unix或者是Linux操作系统，但是和市面上版本繁多的操作系统相比较，可以选择的余地是在太少。在处理器构架方面，基本上都是x86/x64处理器，学生可能听说过其他种类的处理器，但是基本上没有机会见到，更不用说是使用了。因此，我萌发了一个极其简单的想法：买一些不同构架的服务器，安装上不同种类的操作系统，托管到一个机房，开放注册账号，免费地提供SSH登录服务。我是一个急性子的人，想到的事情就要赶紧去做，于是Unix- Center.Net的雏形在2007年初上线了。我没有想到的是，在短短的时间里便有上万名用户注册到这个系统，并且对系统功能提出了更多的需求。于是我赶紧添加新的服务器，并且恳求朋友帮忙开发一些必要的程序，逐渐完善这个系统的功能。</p>
<p>我于2000年底硕士毕业之后，在美国工作了三年，又在中国工作了六年。在过去的两年半中，这个系统烧掉了我大部分的工资和积蓄。购买各种服务器设备的费用，大概是70万人民币；北京赛尔机房的服务器托管和带宽费用，大概是每年30万人民币。（由于Unix-Center.Net对于推广我的雇主的操作系统有很大的帮助，我的雇主曾经在我的游说之下为Unix-Center.Net提供了半年的带宽费用。但是考虑到Unix-Center.Net同时提供其他种类的操作系统，我的雇主后来中止了对Unix-Center.Net的支持。）和我同年龄的人，现在大部分都有车有房了吧。而我最值钱的资产，是在保安严密的机房中的三个机柜。</p>
<p>我曾经和国家负责推广Linux和开源技术的机构取得联系，也曾经和某些教育部门取得联系，希望能够得到他们的支持。但是“有关部门”的负责人听取了我的陈述之后，不约而同地摇摇头，说：“你这个事情做得很好。很遗憾我们不能够给你提供任何帮助。”我也曾经考虑过将这个网站用商业化的模式来运作，但是这个公益性平台所服务的对象大部分是穷学生和穷教师，暂时并没有盈利的空间。并且，我自认为我是一个做事的人，而不是一个做生意的人。让我自己来运营一家公司的话，赚钱的可能性并不大。</p>
<p>中国是一个发展中国家，我们有很多教师、学生和工程人员希望能够学习Unix/Linux系统，却又苦于没有合适的环境和条件。Unix- Center.Net存在的目的，就是给这些爱好Unix/Linux的人一个学习和练习的条件。用一个简单的数据来说，到2009年6 月底，Unix-Center.Net的注册用户接近9 万人。我不知道这么多人都在这些服务器上做什么事情，但是我相信这些服务器对他们有用。譬如说，清华大学教授操作系统课程的一位教授告诉我说他让学生们到 Unix-Center.Net来对不同的操作系统进行比较。又譬如说，我收到中国科技大学一位博士生的电子邮件，说是他利用这些服务器完成了毕业论文中比较关键的一些计算。这些有限的证言，让我坚信这个系统是有其存在的意义的。尽管没有获得“有关部门”的支持，我从来都没有想过要放弃。</p>
<p>坦率地说，我现在遇到了一些困难。我所在的公司，在这次经济危机中被收购了。我不能够确定将来我是否还有能力将这个系统支持下去。但是我非常希望能够维持这个系统的运行，因为它确实对很多人有用。如果您也相信这一点的话，我希望您能够帮助我将这个系统维持下去。不管是10元、100元还是1000 元，对于Unix-Center.Net的用户来说都是莫大的帮助。</p>
<p>如果您在中国，您可以将您的捐款通过转帐支付给我的个人银行账号：</p>
<p>中国银行北京市分行清华园支行<br />
蒋清野<br />
4563-5101-0088-4741-228</p>
<p>招商银行北京市分行清华园支行<br />
蒋清野<br />
6226-0901-0156-8117</p>
<p>支付宝账户<br />
13511026844</p>
<p>如果您在国外，您可以将您的捐款通过PayPal支付给我的个人账号（qjiang#ieee.org），或者是通过转帐支付到我在CitiBank的个人账号：</p>
<p>CitiBank<br />
FDIC Routing #: 321171184<br />
Account Name: Qingye Jiang<br />
Account #: 40038862963<br />
Debit Card #:5262-2519-8546-8207</p>
<p>我还恳请您在捐款之后给我发一封电子邮件（电子邮件地址qjiang#ieee.org），详细说明您的个人姓名以及捐款数目，以便我定期地整理和公布捐款情况。</p></div>
</blockquote>
<p>如果您希望进一步了解关于我个人的情况，欢迎您访问我个人的博客<a href="http://www.qyjohn.net/" target="_blank">http://www.qyjohn.net/</a>。</p>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Linux下的一些SSH常用命令总结</title>
		<link>http://www.openboy.net/linux-ssh-order.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.openboy.net/linux-ssh-order.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2009 09:37:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>@openboy</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ssh]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[命令]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.openboy.net/?p=400</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[目录操作： rm -rf mydir /*删除mydir目录*/ cd mydir /*进入mydir目录*/ cd &#8211; /*回上一级目录*/ cd .. /*回父目录，中间有空格*/ cd ~ /*回根目录*/ mv tools tool /*把tools目录改名为tool */ ln -s tool bac /*给tool目录创建名为bac的符号链接,最熟悉的应该就是FTP中www链接到public_html目录了*/ cp -a tool /home/vpser/www /*把tool目录下所有文件复制到www目录下 */ 文件操作： rm go.tar        /* 删除go.tar文件 */ find mt.cgi    /* 查找文件名为mt.cgi的文件 */ df –h              /* 查看磁盘剩余空间,好像没这个必要，除非你太那个了 */ 解压缩： tar xvf wordpress.tar       /* 解压tar格式的文件 [...]<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>目录操作：</strong><br />
rm -rf mydir /*删除mydir目录*/<br />
cd mydir /*进入mydir目录*/<br />
cd &#8211; /*回上一级目录*/<br />
cd .. /*回父目录，中间有空格*/<br />
cd ~ /*回根目录*/<br />
mv tools tool /*把tools目录改名为tool */<br />
ln -s tool bac /*给tool目录创建名为bac的符号链接,最熟悉的应该就是FTP中www链接到public_html目录了*/<br />
cp -a tool /home/vpser/www /*把tool目录下所有文件复制到www目录下 */</p>
<p><strong>文件操作：</strong><span id="more-400"></span><br />
rm go.tar        /* 删除go.tar文件 */<br />
find mt.cgi    /* 查找文件名为mt.cgi的文件 */<br />
df –h              /* 查看磁盘剩余空间,好像没这个必要，除非你太那个了 */</p>
<p><strong>解压缩：</strong><br />
tar xvf wordpress.tar       /* 解压tar格式的文件 */<br />
tar -tvf myfile.tar     /* 查看tar文件中包含的文件 */</p>
<p>tar cf toole.tar tool /* 把tool目录打包为toole.tar文件 */<br />
tar cfz vpser.tar.gz tool /* 把tool目录打包且压缩为vpser.tar.gz文件，因为.tar文件几乎是没有压缩过的，MT的.tar.gz文件解压成.tar文件后差不多是10MB */</p>
<p>tar jcvf  /var/bak/www.tar.bz2 /var/www/    /*创建.tar.bz2文件，压缩率高*/<br />
tar xjf www.tar.bz2 /*解压tar.bz2格式*/</p>
<p>gzip -d ge.tar.gz        /* 解压.tar.gz文件为.tar文件 */<br />
unzip phpbb.zip      /* 解压zip文件，windows下要压缩出一个.tar.gz格式的文件还是有点麻烦的 */</p>
<p><strong>下载：</strong><br />
wget <a href="http://www.openboy.net">http://www.openboy.net</a>/web/nginx/nginx-0.8.0.tar.gz<br />
/*下载远程服务器上的文件到自己的服务器，连上传都省了，服务器不是100M就是1000M的带宽，下载一个2-3兆的MT还不是几十秒的事 */<br />
wget -c <a href="http://www.openboy.net">http://www.openboy.net</a>/web/nginx/nginx-0.8.0.tar.gz<br />
/* 继续下载上次未下载完的文件 */</p>
<p><span style="color: #ffffff;">转载请注明出处：猪小猪&#8217;space </span><a href="http://www.openboy.net/"><span style="color: #ffffff;">http://www.openboy.net</span></a></p>
<p><strong>进程管理：</strong><br />
ps -aux   /*ps 进程状态查询命令*/</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;">ps命令输出字段的含义：<br />
[list]<br />
[*]USER，进程所有者的用户名。<br />
[*]PID，进程号，可以唯一标识该进程。<br />
[*]%CPU，进程自最近一次刷新以来所占用的CPU时间和总时间的百分比。<br />
[*]%MEM，进程使用内存的百分比。<br />
[*]VSZ，进程使用的虚拟内存大小，以K为单位。<br />
[*]RSS，进程占用的物理内存的总数量，以K为单位。<br />
[*]TTY，进程相关的终端名。<br />
[*]STAT，进程状态，用(R–运行或准备运行；S–睡眠状态；I–空闲；Z–冻结；D–不间断睡眠；W-进程没有驻留页；T停止或跟踪。)这些字母来表示。<br />
[*]START，进程开始运行时间。<br />
[*]TIME，进程使用的总CPU时间。<br />
[*]COMMAND，被执行的命令行。<br />
[/list]</p>
<p>ps -aux | grep nginx  /*在所有进程中，查找nginx的进程*/<br />
kill 1234    /*1234为进程ID，即ps -aux 中的PID*/<br />
killall nginx /*killall 通过程序的名字，直接杀死所有进程，nginx为进程名*/</p>
<p><strong>Vim操作：</strong></p>
<p>移动类的：<br />
h/j/k/l: 左/下/上/右　移一格<br />
w : 向后词移动　（前面加数字移动多少个词）<br />
b : 向前词移动　（前面加数字移动多少个词）<br />
e : 向后移到词末<br />
ge : 向前移到词末<br />
$ &lt;End&gt; : 行末<br />
0 &lt;Home&gt; : 行首<br />
tx : 向右查找本行的x并移到那儿（大写时向左）<br />
33G : 移到文件的第33行<br />
gg : 文件首行<br />
G : 文件尾行<br />
33% : 文件的33%处<br />
H/M/L : 屏幕的首/中/尾行<br />
zt/zz/zb : 当前行移到屏幕的首/中/底部</p>
<p>跳转：<br />
”  : 回到跳转来的地方<br />
CTRL-O : 跳到一个 “较老” 的地方<br />
CTRL-I &lt;Tab&gt; : 则跳到一个 “较新” 的地方</p>
<p>查找：<br />
/ : 向下查找（后加关键字）<br />
? : 向上查找（后加关键字）<br />
n : 下一条符合的记录</p>
<p>编辑：<br />
i : 转换到插入模式<br />
x : 删除当前字符<br />
. : 重复最后一次的修改操作(同PS里ctrl+f执行滤镜)<br />
u : 撤销操作<br />
CTRL-R : 重做<br />
p : 将删除的字符插入到当前位置(put)</p>
<p>退出保存：<br />
:q : 退出<br />
:q! : 不保存退出<br />
ZZ : 保存后退出<br />
:e! : 放弃修改重新编辑</p>
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